Intergenerational transmission of disadvantages, 2023
The education of parents influences the material situation and level of education of their children as they grow up
Among persons whose both parents had basic education or less, the at-risk-of poverty or social exclusion was higher (15%) than among those with at least one parent having more than upper secondary education (11%). Among 69% of persons with tertiary education, at least one parent had such education.
The adult’s financial situation depends on the education and employment status of their parents during their youth
The education level of either the father or the mother significantly determines the current/future material situation of their children (as adults). The share of persons aged 25 to 59 who experienced severe material and social deprivation in 2023 was higher among those whose parents had lower education levels during their youth (when persons were 14 years old). Similar disparities are also evident in the share of persons below the at-risk-of-poverty rate and those at-risk-of-poverty or social exclusion, with differences being even larger regarding the mother’s education.
Among persons with at least one parent who attained more than upper secondary education, the share of those exposed to the risk-of-poverty or social exclusion was 11%, whereas among those where both parents had only completed basic education or less it was 15%.
The adult’s financial situation is also significantly influenced by the employment status of their father and mother during their youth. Among individuals whose parents were economically inactive during their youth, the share of those now (in 2023) exposed to the risk-of-poverty or social exclusion is higher than among individuals whose parents were in employment (for father’s employment status 6 percentage points, and for mother’s employment status 3 percentage points).
The education level of parents significantly influences the educational attainment of their children when they grow up
Among persons aged 25–59 whose parents had only completed basic education or less, 21% completed more than upper secondary education (college, university or more) by 2023. This share increased by 7 percentage points compared to 2019 (14%). Among persons with at least one parent who completed tertiary education, 69% had also attained tertiary education, representing a slight increase, by 2 percentage points, compared to 2019.
The financial situation of the households in which persons lived during their youth is reflected in their current financial situation
Among people who assessed the financial situation of the household in which they lived in their youth as very bad or bad, 26% are still (in 2023) struggling to make ends meet (difficult or very difficult financial situation). In comparison with previously gathered data, the share has slightly decreased, as in 2019; there were 28% such persons. On the other hand, now (in 2023) among people whose financial situation was good or very good in their youth, 6% are now struggling very hard or hard; a decrease of 6 percentage points compared to 2019 (12%). 39% of persons whose financial situation was good or very good in their youth still have no problem making ends meet (they get along very easily or easily); this is an increase of 14 percentage points compared to 2019 (25%).
The largest share of persons who assessed financial situation of the household they lived in during their youth as very bad or bad spent their youth at the turn of the 1970s to the 1980s (born in 1963–1970), namely 22%. Among those who experienced their youth after 2002 (born in 1988–1997), the share was 13%.
The education level of persons also depends on the financial situation of the households in which they lived during their youth
Of those persons whose financial situation was good or very good during their youth, 46% now (in 2023) have attained tertiary education, which is an increase of 7 percentage points compared to 2019 (39%). Among those whose financial situation was bad or very bad during their youth, 12% have tertiary education, an increase of 2 percentage points compared to 2019 (10%).
The accessibility of selected goods in youth improves from generation to generation
Almost all persons (98%) lived in the households during their youth where all children had access to school supplies such as textbooks, books, notebooks, pens, and sport equipment. Similarly, the majority of persons (96%) in their youth lived in households that provided all children with a daily meat or equivalent vegetarian meal. Slightly less accessible were one-week annual holidays away from home (including with relatives/friends, at school or youth organizations) for all children in the households, with 74% of persons experiencing such opportunities.
The accessibility of selected goods in youth for all children in the households has improved with each generation, from the generation of individuals who spent their youth at the turn of the 1970s to the 1980s (1977–1984, i.e. born in 1963–1970) until the last surveyed generation (2002–2011, i.e. born in 1988–1997).
Tables with the latest data are available in the SiStat Database.
The education level of either the father or the mother significantly determines the current/future material situation of their children (as adults). The share of persons aged 25 to 59 who experienced severe material and social deprivation in 2023 was higher among those whose parents had lower education levels during their youth (when persons were 14 years old). Similar disparities are also evident in the share of persons below the at-risk-of-poverty rate and those at-risk-of-poverty or social exclusion, with differences being even larger regarding the mother’s education.
Among persons with at least one parent who attained more than upper secondary education, the share of those exposed to the risk-of-poverty or social exclusion was 11%, whereas among those where both parents had only completed basic education or less it was 15%.
The adult’s financial situation is also significantly influenced by the employment status of their father and mother during their youth. Among individuals whose parents were economically inactive during their youth, the share of those now (in 2023) exposed to the risk-of-poverty or social exclusion is higher than among individuals whose parents were in employment (for father’s employment status 6 percentage points, and for mother’s employment status 3 percentage points).
The education level of parents significantly influences the educational attainment of their children when they grow up
Among persons aged 25–59 whose parents had only completed basic education or less, 21% completed more than upper secondary education (college, university or more) by 2023. This share increased by 7 percentage points compared to 2019 (14%). Among persons with at least one parent who completed tertiary education, 69% had also attained tertiary education, representing a slight increase, by 2 percentage points, compared to 2019.
The financial situation of the households in which persons lived during their youth is reflected in their current financial situation
Among people who assessed the financial situation of the household in which they lived in their youth as very bad or bad, 26% are still (in 2023) struggling to make ends meet (difficult or very difficult financial situation). In comparison with previously gathered data, the share has slightly decreased, as in 2019; there were 28% such persons. On the other hand, now (in 2023) among people whose financial situation was good or very good in their youth, 6% are now struggling very hard or hard; a decrease of 6 percentage points compared to 2019 (12%). 39% of persons whose financial situation was good or very good in their youth still have no problem making ends meet (they get along very easily or easily); this is an increase of 14 percentage points compared to 2019 (25%).
The largest share of persons who assessed financial situation of the household they lived in during their youth as very bad or bad spent their youth at the turn of the 1970s to the 1980s (born in 1963–1970), namely 22%. Among those who experienced their youth after 2002 (born in 1988–1997), the share was 13%.
The education level of persons also depends on the financial situation of the households in which they lived during their youth
Of those persons whose financial situation was good or very good during their youth, 46% now (in 2023) have attained tertiary education, which is an increase of 7 percentage points compared to 2019 (39%). Among those whose financial situation was bad or very bad during their youth, 12% have tertiary education, an increase of 2 percentage points compared to 2019 (10%).
The accessibility of selected goods in youth improves from generation to generation
Almost all persons (98%) lived in the households during their youth where all children had access to school supplies such as textbooks, books, notebooks, pens, and sport equipment. Similarly, the majority of persons (96%) in their youth lived in households that provided all children with a daily meat or equivalent vegetarian meal. Slightly less accessible were one-week annual holidays away from home (including with relatives/friends, at school or youth organizations) for all children in the households, with 74% of persons experiencing such opportunities.
The accessibility of selected goods in youth for all children in the households has improved with each generation, from the generation of individuals who spent their youth at the turn of the 1970s to the 1980s (1977–1984, i.e. born in 1963–1970) until the last surveyed generation (2002–2011, i.e. born in 1988–1997).
In the generation born between 1963 and 1970, fewer persons lived in households that provided one-week annual holidays for all children (59%) compared to subsequent generations. Among those born in 1988–1997, 84% of people lived in households where all children went on holiday away from home for at least one week.
Tables with the latest data are available in the SiStat Database.
METHODOLOGICAL NOTE
The release was updated on 22 May 2024. Corrections of statistical data are in the chart "Persons, aged 25–59 in 2023, by poverty and social exclusion indicators in this year and education of their parents when the persons were 14 years old, Slovenia" regarding all data values (data for 2019 were shown instead of data for 2023). We apologise for any inconvenience and thank you for your understanding.
The data from the ad hoc module “Intergenerational transmission of disadvantages, 2023” were collected in the framework of the internationally comparable survey Living Conditions (EU-SILC), with a survey questionnaire in the first half of 2023 (survey year) and the use of administrative and register data mostly referring to 2022. In this release, we publish final data for 2023.
With these detailed data from the ad hoc module, we are also publishing some additional tables in the SiStat Database regarding another ad hoc “Household difficulties” and new detailed data regarding “Well-being”.
Additional explanations are available in the methodological explanations.
The survey was co-funded by the European Union. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or Eurostat. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them.
The data from the ad hoc module “Intergenerational transmission of disadvantages, 2023” were collected in the framework of the internationally comparable survey Living Conditions (EU-SILC), with a survey questionnaire in the first half of 2023 (survey year) and the use of administrative and register data mostly referring to 2022. In this release, we publish final data for 2023.
With these detailed data from the ad hoc module, we are also publishing some additional tables in the SiStat Database regarding another ad hoc “Household difficulties” and new detailed data regarding “Well-being”.
Additional explanations are available in the methodological explanations.
The survey was co-funded by the European Union. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or Eurostat. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them.
When making use of the data and information of the Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia, always add: "Source: SURS". More: Copyright.
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