Research and development activity, detailed data, 2022
Expenditure on R&D up, the share of GDP on R&D the same
In 2022, Slovenia allocated EUR 1.195 billion or 2.10% of GDP for research and development. 70% of the money was spent in the business enterprise sector, most of it in manufacturing.
Final data differ slightly from provisional data
Final data on R&D in Slovenia for 2022 slightly differ from provisional data published in the release Research and development activity, provisional data, 2022 on 3 November 2023.
Slovenia still below the EU average
According to final data, gross domestic expenditure on research and development (GERD) in Slovenia in 2022 amounted to EUR 1.195 billion, which was the fifth consecutive year of a significant nominal increase. Compared to the previous year, it increased by 7.4%, and compared to 2017, when the amount was the lowest in the last ten years (EUR 803 million), by 49%.
In relative terms, in relation to GDP1, expenditure on R&D has been stagnating for the third year in a row and represented 2.10% of GDP in 2022. This places Slovenia below the EU average (estimated at 2.24%), where it fell in 2016. Slovenia is also far from the target set in the Resolution on the Scientific Research and Innovation Strategy of Slovenia 2030, according to which investments in scientific research, development, and innovation activities should account for 3.5% of GDP by 2030.
Leading role of the business enterprise sector
Both in terms of performing and in terms of funding, R&D in Slovenia is concentrated in the business enterprise sector. In 2022, its expenditure on R&D amounted to EUR 840 million, which was 70% of total R&D expenditure (GERD) or 1.47% of GDP. The financial contribution of the business enterprise sector to R&D amounted to EUR 527 million, which was 44% of GERD or 0.92% of GDP. 26.0% of the financial resources came from state sources, while 29.4% came from abroad.
Enterprises that were among the top five performers of R&D in the business enterprise sector in 2022 collectively spent EUR 355 million on R&D implementation, accounting for 42% of the intramural R&D expenditure of the entire business sector or 30% of GERD.
The most funds for R&D implementation in the business enterprise sector were spent in manufacturing. In 2022, these activities spent EUR 637 million on R&D, which accounted for three-quarters (75.8%) of intramural R&D expenditure in the business enterprise sector and more than half (53.3%) of GERD or 1.1% of GDP. The largest contribution to this share comes from R&D expenditure in manufacture of pharmaceutical products and preparations, and manufacture of electrical equipment.
Over 25,000 individuals working in R&D
In 2022, 25,336 individuals were involved in performing R&D in Slovenia, which is 27 fewer than a year earlier. The workload of people employed in R&D in 2022 corresponds to the work of 17,356 full-time employees.
Among all employees in R&D, 17,015, or 67.2%, were researchers, which is 733 more than in 2021. Among researchers, almost two-thirds (65%) were men, and slightly more than one-third (35%) were women. There were significant differences in the gender ratio across different R&D fields. The share of female researchers was highest in medical and health sciences (62%) and lowest in engineering and technology (19.5%).
Tables with the latest data are available in the SiStat Database.
Final data on R&D in Slovenia for 2022 slightly differ from provisional data published in the release Research and development activity, provisional data, 2022 on 3 November 2023.
Slovenia still below the EU average
According to final data, gross domestic expenditure on research and development (GERD) in Slovenia in 2022 amounted to EUR 1.195 billion, which was the fifth consecutive year of a significant nominal increase. Compared to the previous year, it increased by 7.4%, and compared to 2017, when the amount was the lowest in the last ten years (EUR 803 million), by 49%.
In relative terms, in relation to GDP1, expenditure on R&D has been stagnating for the third year in a row and represented 2.10% of GDP in 2022. This places Slovenia below the EU average (estimated at 2.24%), where it fell in 2016. Slovenia is also far from the target set in the Resolution on the Scientific Research and Innovation Strategy of Slovenia 2030, according to which investments in scientific research, development, and innovation activities should account for 3.5% of GDP by 2030.
Leading role of the business enterprise sector
Both in terms of performing and in terms of funding, R&D in Slovenia is concentrated in the business enterprise sector. In 2022, its expenditure on R&D amounted to EUR 840 million, which was 70% of total R&D expenditure (GERD) or 1.47% of GDP. The financial contribution of the business enterprise sector to R&D amounted to EUR 527 million, which was 44% of GERD or 0.92% of GDP. 26.0% of the financial resources came from state sources, while 29.4% came from abroad.
Enterprises that were among the top five performers of R&D in the business enterprise sector in 2022 collectively spent EUR 355 million on R&D implementation, accounting for 42% of the intramural R&D expenditure of the entire business sector or 30% of GERD.
The most funds for R&D implementation in the business enterprise sector were spent in manufacturing. In 2022, these activities spent EUR 637 million on R&D, which accounted for three-quarters (75.8%) of intramural R&D expenditure in the business enterprise sector and more than half (53.3%) of GERD or 1.1% of GDP. The largest contribution to this share comes from R&D expenditure in manufacture of pharmaceutical products and preparations, and manufacture of electrical equipment.
Over 25,000 individuals working in R&D
In 2022, 25,336 individuals were involved in performing R&D in Slovenia, which is 27 fewer than a year earlier. The workload of people employed in R&D in 2022 corresponds to the work of 17,356 full-time employees.
Among all employees in R&D, 17,015, or 67.2%, were researchers, which is 733 more than in 2021. Among researchers, almost two-thirds (65%) were men, and slightly more than one-third (35%) were women. There were significant differences in the gender ratio across different R&D fields. The share of female researchers was highest in medical and health sciences (62%) and lowest in engineering and technology (19.5%).
Tables with the latest data are available in the SiStat Database.
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D as a percentage of GDP, Slovenia
* Data for EU-27 are provisional.
** Belgium, Germany, Austria, Finland, Sweden
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) by sector of performance, Slovenia, 2022
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Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) by source of funds, Slovenia, 2022
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Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (business sector) by concentration1) , Slovenia, 2022
1) Top enterprises by expenditure on R&D. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total R&D personnel1) by sector of employment, Slovenia, 2022
1) Data include both internal and external R&D personnel. 2) Full-time equivalent. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
METHODOLOGICAL NOTE
1 GERD as a percentage of GDP is calculated based on the latest revision of GDP.
Additional explanations are available in the methodological explanations.
Additional explanations are available in the methodological explanations.
When making use of the data and information of the Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia, always add: "Source: SURS". More: Copyright.
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