Climate change-related indicators, 2023
Greenhouse gas emissions from households reached their lowest value in the last nine years
Climate change-related indicators show the consequences of anthropogenic causes of climate change, the impacts of climate change on various ecosystems, and the need for faster adaptation to them. They are prepared from various data sources with different time series.
Three drivers indicators showed a reduced impact on the environment
In the last observed year, the values of three out of five indicators, related to emission sources, which show impacts of human activities on climate change, decreased. The total energy intensity of production activities of the national economy decreased the most, by 5.6% to 5.4 terajoules (TJ) per million euros in 2023. The total energy use by the national economy (by 3.7%) and energy use by resident households per capita (by 3.0%) also went down. On the other hand, the share of fossil fuels in the energy supply increased by 0.7 of a percentage point to 56.6% in 2024, and total primary energy supply by 3.9% to 267,401 TJ.
Lower greenhouse gas emissions from production activities as well as from households
Most indicators of greenhouse gas emissions showed a decrease in 2023. The amount of total greenhouse gas emissions from the national economy slightly decreased (by 5.2%) to 14,393 kilotonnes of CO2 equivalent (kt CO2 eq). In the same year, greenhouse gas emissions from production activities went down by 4.1% to 11,208 kt CO2 eq. and from households by 8.7% to 3,186 kt CO2 eq., reaching their lowest value since 2014.
Greenhouse gas emissions from households, Slovenia
Level of water stress lower, air temperature anomaly exceeded 3 °C for the first time
As regards indicators that show impacts of climate change on human and natural systems, according to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the level of water stress in Slovenia in 2022 decreased for the second consecutive year, this time by 11%. The amount of abstracted water accounted for 5.6% of total available freshwater resources. According to the Slovenian Environment Agency (ARSO), last year, the mean air temperature in Slovenia, with respect to the 1961–1990 base period, exceeded 3 °C for the first time. The recorded anomaly (3.15 °C) was the largest ever and a record for the third consecutive year.
Mean air temperature anomaly (relative to climate normal in 1961–1990), Slovenia
Eighth consecutive year of declining share of taxes related to energy and transport
Among indicators that show efforts to mitigate the consequences of climate change, the share of total climate change related subsidies and similar transfers increased in 2022 by 0.01 of a percentage point to 0.08% of GDP. The share of energy and transport related taxes in total taxes and social contributions has fallen by more than a third (by 4 percentage points) since 2016. It has been declining for the past eight years reaching 7.11% of all taxes in 2024.
More than a tenth of utilised agricultural areas with organic farming or in conversion; water use also more efficient
Indicators that show adaptation of people to the consequences of climate change demonstrate positive trends. The share of utilised agricultural areas included in the system of control of organic production (with certificate and in the process of conversion) has increased by almost 2.5 times since 2004. In 2024, it grew by 0.6 of a percentage point to 11.9%. According to the FAO estimate, the value of the water use efficiency indicator, which aims to improve the efficiency of water use in the economy and society, grew by 15% in Slovenia and reached USD 56 per m3 of water in 2022.
Tables with the latest data are available in the SiStat Database.
In the last observed year, the values of three out of five indicators, related to emission sources, which show impacts of human activities on climate change, decreased. The total energy intensity of production activities of the national economy decreased the most, by 5.6% to 5.4 terajoules (TJ) per million euros in 2023. The total energy use by the national economy (by 3.7%) and energy use by resident households per capita (by 3.0%) also went down. On the other hand, the share of fossil fuels in the energy supply increased by 0.7 of a percentage point to 56.6% in 2024, and total primary energy supply by 3.9% to 267,401 TJ.
Lower greenhouse gas emissions from production activities as well as from households
Most indicators of greenhouse gas emissions showed a decrease in 2023. The amount of total greenhouse gas emissions from the national economy slightly decreased (by 5.2%) to 14,393 kilotonnes of CO2 equivalent (kt CO2 eq). In the same year, greenhouse gas emissions from production activities went down by 4.1% to 11,208 kt CO2 eq. and from households by 8.7% to 3,186 kt CO2 eq., reaching their lowest value since 2014.
Greenhouse gas emissions from households, Slovenia
Level of water stress lower, air temperature anomaly exceeded 3 °C for the first time
As regards indicators that show impacts of climate change on human and natural systems, according to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the level of water stress in Slovenia in 2022 decreased for the second consecutive year, this time by 11%. The amount of abstracted water accounted for 5.6% of total available freshwater resources. According to the Slovenian Environment Agency (ARSO), last year, the mean air temperature in Slovenia, with respect to the 1961–1990 base period, exceeded 3 °C for the first time. The recorded anomaly (3.15 °C) was the largest ever and a record for the third consecutive year.
Mean air temperature anomaly (relative to climate normal in 1961–1990), Slovenia
Eighth consecutive year of declining share of taxes related to energy and transport
Among indicators that show efforts to mitigate the consequences of climate change, the share of total climate change related subsidies and similar transfers increased in 2022 by 0.01 of a percentage point to 0.08% of GDP. The share of energy and transport related taxes in total taxes and social contributions has fallen by more than a third (by 4 percentage points) since 2016. It has been declining for the past eight years reaching 7.11% of all taxes in 2024.
More than a tenth of utilised agricultural areas with organic farming or in conversion; water use also more efficient
Indicators that show adaptation of people to the consequences of climate change demonstrate positive trends. The share of utilised agricultural areas included in the system of control of organic production (with certificate and in the process of conversion) has increased by almost 2.5 times since 2004. In 2024, it grew by 0.6 of a percentage point to 11.9%. According to the FAO estimate, the value of the water use efficiency indicator, which aims to improve the efficiency of water use in the economy and society, grew by 15% in Slovenia and reached USD 56 per m3 of water in 2022.
Tables with the latest data are available in the SiStat Database.
METHODOLOGICAL NOTE
The published data refer to the selected set of indicators that was prepared in line with the international recommendations of a special group of statisticians operating under the auspices of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), which prepared 44 climate change-related indicators.
The indicators focus on environmental, social and economic areas and are grouped into five areas related to climate change for ease of review and interpretation:
- drivers: indicators show human causes of climate change that deal with sources of emissions;
- emissions: indicators show greenhouse gas emissions and their human causes;
- impacts: indicators show impacts of climate change on human and natural systems;
- mitigation: indicators show people's efforts to mitigate the consequences of climate change;
- adaptations: indicators show adaptation of people to the consequences of climate change.
The Statistical Office prepared an experimental set of 21 indicators for Slovenia based on the current availability of data, the development of the indicator and its methodological framework.
The indicators focus on environmental, social and economic areas and are grouped into five areas related to climate change for ease of review and interpretation:
- drivers: indicators show human causes of climate change that deal with sources of emissions;
- emissions: indicators show greenhouse gas emissions and their human causes;
- impacts: indicators show impacts of climate change on human and natural systems;
- mitigation: indicators show people's efforts to mitigate the consequences of climate change;
- adaptations: indicators show adaptation of people to the consequences of climate change.
The Statistical Office prepared an experimental set of 21 indicators for Slovenia based on the current availability of data, the development of the indicator and its methodological framework.
When making use of the data and information of the Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia, always add: "Source: SURS". More: Copyright.
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